Surgical Ergonomics in Simulation: A Motion-Sensor–Based Study

Abstract: This research presents an ergonomic evaluation of surgeons performing simulated surgical tasks, using motion sensors and a simulation-based training environment. The study focused primarily on suturing, carried out in two variations to capture differences in task complexity, and included two additional standardized tasks designed to assess learning effects across repeated attempts. Posture, joint angles, and musculoskeletal load were quantified with sensor-based motion capture and the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). The controlled simulation environment replicated key aspects of the operating room while enabling systematic, repeated task performance under standardized conditions. Analysis examined how ergonomic load, task duration, and performance evolved over time, providing insights into tool-related effects and learning curves. Results demonstrate that integrating simulation with objective sensor data offers a robust framework for ergonomic assessment in surgery, supporting the identification of risk-prone postures and the monitoring of training-related improvements. By combining simulation, sensor technology, and ergonomic scoring, this work advances understanding of surgeons’ physical workload and highlights the importance of incorporating ergonomic evaluation into surgical training. Ultimately, the study aims to inform the development of training programs and surgical tools that improve both surgeon well-being and procedural performance.